Patterns
Patterns are various fundamental movements most of which represent either attack or defence techniques, set to a fixed and logical sequence against one or more imaginary opponents. We practice patterns to improve our Tae Kwon-Do techniques, to develop sparring techniques, to improve flexibility of movement, master body-shifting, develop muscles, balance and breath control. They also enable us to acquire techniques, which cannot be obtained from other forms of training.
The reasons for being 24 patterns in Tae Kwon-Do is because the founder Major General Choi Hong Hi, compared the life of man with a day in the life of the earth and believed that some people should strive to bequeath a good spiritual legacy to coming generations and in doing so gain immortality.
Therefore, if we can leave something behind for the welfare of mankind, maybe it will be the most important thing to happen in our lives, as the founder says: “Here I leave Tae Kwon-Do for mankind As a trace of a man of the late 20th Century. The twenty four patterns represent twenty four hours, one day or all of my life.”
The Theory of Power
- Reaction Force – Pulling the opposite arm back in co-ordination with the strike creates a reaction force.
- Concentration (focus) – Applying the impact force on to the smallest target area.
- Equilibrium – Use of reaction arm for dynamic stability to keep the body balanced.
- Breath Control – Tense abdomen to breathe out on impact. See why we kihap (below).
- Mass – Use hip twist and knee spring to increase body weight.
- Speed – The most important factor for power, however all the other factors contribute to speed.
The Kihap
The correct breathe control will not only improve your stamina and speed, but will also focus the power of a technique. To breathe correctly in Tae Kwon Do the diaphram must be used. A sharp exhaling breathe during movement with a sudden stop on impact of the technique tenses the abdomen maximises the power of the delivered technique. The breathing technique in Tae Kwon Do is called a Kihap or shout. Although it is called a shout be careful not to use the vocal chords instead of the diaphram or benefits will be lost.
Hints & Tips when performing patterns
- The pattern should begin and end on the same spot. This indicates performance accuracy.
- Muscles should be tensed and relaxed at the correct times.
- Always move the head first to clearly see your attacker.
- Correct posture and facing must be maintained at all times.
- Movements of the body should be performed in a rhythmic motion with the absence of stiffness.
- Each pattern should be accelerated or decelerated according to instructions.
- Each pattern should be perfect before moving on to the next.
- Students should know the purpose of each movement.
- Students should perform each movement with realism.